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Technology integration is all the rage now, as it should be. Unfortunately, most schools are getting it wrong. Here’s why:
Under the auspices of the Technology Department The first mistake that schools make is placing the technology integrationist under the auspices of the technology department. That might seem to make sense on first blush - after all they are helping teachers use technology - but that’s where the similarity ends. Technology integration is not about the tools as much as about teaching. In most schools, the Director of Technology is not an educator; he has a technical background, and is tasked with setting up and maintaining the infrastructure that allows the school to use technology: the network; the wiring; the wireless; the printers; etc. While this is an absolutely essential role, it is not directly related to teaching or education. The integrationist is an educator first. Confusing the roles of integrator and technician It is not only common, but practically the rule to see an advertisement for a technology integrator that includes, under responsibilities, maintaining the network, or installing software, or setting up hardware. But the technologist is an educator, not necessarily a technician. Too many schools make the mistake of thinking that someone who can troubleshoot the network and fix the printer can also help teachers integrate technology. She may indeed be able to show a teacher how to use Google Docs, but that is not in and of itself technology integration. Schools tend to hire people with technical backgrounds thinking they can also help teachers integrate, rather than hire integrators who may - or may not - be able to fix the printer. Tool-based Flowing directly on from the last point, most of the integration we see is tool-based. A school will install interactive whiteboards in every classroom over the summer, expecting the teachers to come in the Fall and start using them. They are giving teachers a tool without a problem that it is meant to solve, without a goal it is meant to help achieve. This is backwards thinking. The result is that teachers have tools they are not trained to use, and when they do learn how to use them end up throwing the tool at every problem. Instead, integrationists need to understand the goals of the teachers and then help them find the best tools to solve them (and if that happens to be an interactive whiteboard, so be it). Incremental substitution How often is this scenario played out in your school: Someone finds a great new tool - word clouds - and shows the teachers how to use them. The teacher then uses them to add onto what she is doing; or a tool is shown that can replace one thing a teacher does, so he uses it instead. Rather than any overall plan for integrating technology, it is used one tool at a time to substitute for what is already being done. The technology is not transforming the educational process; it is simply being used to substitute in for earlier ways of doing. Technology used in a vacuum In much the same way, tools are used alone, in a vacuum. The use of one has no relation to the use of another. So while many different tools may be used in a class by a teacher, there is no connection between them. Ignoring the affordances of technology tools Every tool has its own affordances, but when tools are looked at as tools instead of as solutions to problems and as ways of achieving a specific aim, teachers tend to be unaware of the many affordances of the tools. For example, how does a given tool help provide access to information; how does it simplify and/or transform a task; how does it show ideas in a different way; how does it connect the student with the world outside the classroom? No long-term integration goals One of the biggest absences is that of a long-range plan for integration. This has two sources: it is a result of no one stepping back at the beginning and taking a big picture view of the school, its goals, and how technology can help; and it grows directly out of the tool-focused approach. Short-term view of professional development There are several ways to approach professional development. The common model that I have seen is to set aside several days each year for it; to set up workshops or have an outside speaker come in. The day is spent in these unrelated workshops; or it is spent discussing whatever topic the outside speaker specializes in. The next day, school life is back to normal and the previous day’s topic is forgotten. Schools can have some great one-day sessions that way, but they rarely lead to meaningful change. There is another approach. One school I taught at spent the entire year discussing the transitions between grades, and how to ensure they were successful. It was an ongoing conversation that led to real, meaningful, positive change. Professional development has to be an ongoing process, a conversation that continues throughout the year, that covers all of the major issues in education that continuously confront a school: assessment, character education, curriculum development, etc. and technology. only in this way will teachers continue to grow. Limited view of (scary) technology If we are going to embrace technology in schools in the same way that society as a whole is embracing technology, schools have to stop being afraid of it. Too many schools limit both access to the tools - disallowing cell phone use in school, for example - and access to the content - blocking any website not approved. A teacher shouldn’t have to put in a request in order to view a Youtube video, but many schools block by default. This way of thinking is incompatible with true technology integration. Technology is just a tool Yes, technology is ‘just’ a tool, but it is a tool that has radically transformed the way society works, the way we interact with others, the way (and the amount) we produce and consume content; in short it has changed the way we live, and education must recognize this fact to remain relevant. Taken together, then, these failings result in lots of technology being used, but little or no real integration taking place. The result is a school rich in pieces of technology with very little to show for it. I believe this is why so much research shows technology as not having a meaningful impact on learning outcomes. The nature of the education and learning has not changed as a result of the technology. A student will not learn any more or any better simply by reading a book on an ereader instead of a paper edition. What’s a better way to do it? Start by recognizing the importance of technology in the world today. Next, undo the above issues. 1) Separate the integration function from the technology department, or at the very least separate it from the technical work of the technology department. 2) Set longer range, school-wide goals for technology integration based on the school’s mission and goals. 3) Growing out of these goals, begin an ongoing conversation amongst the faculty about meaningful and appropriate integration of technology: what it means; what it looks like; and how to go about achieving it. 4) Create a professional learning environment so teachers can learn - both on their own and through in-house training - the whys and wherefores of integrating technology. 5) Get the technologist into the department meetings and into the classrooms to understand the needs. 6) Focus on needs and goals, not on tools. 7) Open up access to both tools and content. I recently spent two months teaching from a distance using video technology to beam my face and voice - and when I wanted to my computer screen or document camera - into classrooms. That process is worthy of reflection, but what struck me most was the difference in the schools I was teaching to. I had two schools on screen at the same time, geographically about a half an hour away from each other, 9th grade and later 7th grade.
Despite being the same age - outwardly in fact indistinguishable - they could not have been more different. At school A, most students did most of the work assigned, they were prepared for and active in class; they paid attention; they emailed me when they had questions. In school B, most of the students d not do the work; they were unprepared for and inattentive in class. I never head from most of them. I showed a short video - a 4-minute performance. The students in schools A watched, listened, learned; the students in school B laughed. I had occasion to visit both schools - it was just after hurricane Sandy and we could not connect electronically. The feel of the schools was very different. School A felt alive; school B felt subdued. The walls spoke to me as well, school A's covered with posters, school B's bare. I have always known that a schol - the teachers, the administration, every aspect of it - has a meaningful impact on the students. What struck me was how great the difference can be, and because I was teaching at both schools simultaneously, the difference was evident every day, inevery aspect of I was listening to a story on NPR recently about the collection of saliva samples from 100,000 patients and what they were able to learn from it by looking at these individuals' medical histories. They were interviewing a medical researcher, a Nobelist, talking about disease. She said, "Disease is not an event; it's a process." Upon hearing this, I immediately thought of assessment and the way so many teachers and schools and states assess students with one-off, high-stakes tests that are events, not processes. True assessment, meaningful assessment that tells us where a student is and what they have come to understand, is a process. The school I am at now assesses teachers with three 15-minute "walk throughs." Contrast that with a school I taught at several years ago where a supervisor sat in on four of my classes - three in a row of one and one of a different class. She got a very clear idea of how I teach and whether learning was taking place. (I am happy to report that she concluded that it was.) Sad to say, this is the only school I have been at that took the observation and assessment of teachers so seriously, making it a process and not an event.
This infographic, from http://edtechdigest.wordpress.com/2012/10/09/trends-infographic-adoption-rates-of-new-k-12-teaching-styles/, gives nice insight into the new teaching paradigms that teachers and schools are adopting.
The infographic below is a nice wrap up of tablet use. Click on it to go to the original.
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AuthorAfter teaching for 10 years and using lots of technology, I have decided to move into the technology side of education. Archives
December 2015
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